Egyptian weapons and armorBlog

Egyptian weapons and armor

As the molten These iron weapons could not be made in great quantity, however. The war chariot, manned by archers with the new composite bow and a large quiver attached to the side, would prove one of Egypt's most significant military assets, and the battle axe, made of bronze attached to a haft, was far more effective than the flint or copper axes bound to wooden shafts in the past.

Forging iron required charcoal from burnt lumber, and Egypt had few trees. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide.Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week:Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. A good archer can nock and shoot an arrow in less than two seconds. Throughout Egypt’s long span of recorded history, its military adopted a diverse range of ancient weaponry. At times attempts were made to free the shield arm for offensive action, or at least for carrying another weapon.

He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Most of the troops were barefoot, dressed in simple kilts, or naked. Prior to the arrival of the Hyksos, the Egyptians had no knowledge of the horse or horse-drawn chariot, they were still using the single-arched bow and were equipped with swords which were not always reliable in pitched battle. The slicing axe was a long wooden shaft with a crescent copper blade fitted into a notch at one end. Ready-made weapons were unknown at this time so available weapons were used until they were no longer serviceable. Although the Egyptian military had iron weapons by c. 1000 BCE, grand war chariots, and a professionally trained force, the army was only as effective as those who commanded. (Shaw, 292)These shields, like the Hittite swords and armor, were made of iron, and the city of State-of-the-art high-temperature furnaces were heated by blast pipes worked by bellows. The only development in weapons since Predynastic times had been the replacement of flint blades with those of These weapons were supplemented during the Old Kingdom by archers who used a simple single-arched bow with reed arrows and flint or copper tips.

Primary among the choice of defensive weapons was the Although the shield provided more protection for the soldier, it severely inhibited movement. Egyptian Modern tests show that the leather shield was more effective than the metal or bronze shield due to several factors: Land animals, such as deer or boar, could be killed from a distance with a spear or an arrow and the weapon could be retrieved with the animal. Egyptologist Jacobus Van Dijk explains the new relationship which was then formed between the two powers:As a result of the peace treaty with the Hittites, specialist craftsmen sent by Egypt's former enemy were employed in the armoury workshops of Pieramesse to teach the Egyptians their latest weapons technology, including the manufacture of the much sought-after Hittite shields. Ancient Egyptian Military Weapons Offensive Weapons The ancient Egyptians used their chariots as one of their more formidable offensive weapons. In the Early Dynastic Period in Egypt (c. 3150-c.2613 BCE), military weaponry was comprised of maces, daggers, and spears. It seems that, by this time, the Hyksos were making weapons largely for ceremonial, rather than practical, use.

Egyptologist Janine Borriau notes:Battle axes and daggers from stratum D/3 were of unalloyed copper, whereas weapons from earlier strata were made of tin bronze, which produced a weapon with a far superior cutting edge...In contrast, weapons of the same period from Upper Egypt were made of tin bronze and this would have given the Thebans a clear advantage in hand-to-hand fighting. Early on weapons made of stone and wood were used. (170)Unlike the early army which went to battle under the banners of their Shields in the early New Kingdom were made of wood covered with animal hide, and the swords continued to be of tin bronze until after the Battle of The Battle of Kadesh resulted in the world's first peace treaty in 1258 BCE between Ramesses II and Hattusili III, the successor of Muwatalli II. The slicing axe is probably the only weapon which Hyksos technology could not improve upon.The Hyksos did far more than simply provide the Egyptians with better weapons; they gave them a reason to use them. Built light, these chariots held two men – the driver and an archer. As the New Kingdom declined, the army followed suit, and even though there were brilliant monarchs who ruled in both the Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization.

Egypt entered the so-called Ramesses III is the last effective monarch of the New Kingdom. Gradually, the composite bow took precedence over the horn bow and weaponry became standardized. Each division numbered approximately 5,000 men. Please support Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation.

Typical weapons employed during Egypt’s early skirmishes and battles included stone maces, clubs, spears, throwing sticks and slings. They used maces with wooden heads or pear-shaped stone heads. Some shields, made of hides, were in use but not generally. Flying food sources were brought down with an arrow, while fish were speared as they swam through the water. For example, body armor and helmets worn by the enemies of Egypt forced the evolution of the blunt mace into cutting battle axe and finally into a piercing battle axe. Strudwick describes the Middle Kingdom forces:The heavy infantry carried wood and leather shields, copper-headed spears and swords. Obsidian was used for arrow tips because of its glass-like properties that allow it to achieve a finely honed and razor-sharp edge. These would not have afforded much protection against a volley of arrows or the slicing axe but were probably better than nothing. The shields were made of wooden frame, often in conjunction with leather or rawhide, held by a handle or a leather strip fastened to the center of the frame. These finds show that the Hyksos' blades had become inferior not only to the Egyptians' but to their own earlier work.

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