Pūhāhonu volcano mapBlog

Pūhāhonu volcano map

An extinct Hawaiian volcano called Pūhāhonu is the largest in the world, with a volume twice that of the next leading contender. The new comprehensive surveying and modeling, using methods similar to those used for Mauna Loa show that Pūhāhonu is the largest.This study highlights Hawaiian volcanoes, not only now but for millions of years, have been erupting some of the hottest magma on Earth. Pūhāhonu, meaning ‘turtle rising for breath’ in Hawaiian, is nearly twice as big as Mauna Loa.“It has been proposed that hotspots that produce volcano chains like Hawai‘i undergo progressive cooling over 1-2 million years and then die,” said Michael Garcia, lead author of the study and retired professor of Earth Sciences at SOEST. Subsequent studies of the Hawaiian Islands concluded that Mauna Loa was the largest volcano but they included the base of the volcano that is below sea level that was not considered in the 1974 study. Credit: Garcia, et al., 2020.

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A small pulse created the Midway cluster of now extinct volcanoes and another, much bigger one created Pūhāhonu. Pūhāhonu, a Hawaiian word which means "turtle surfacing for air" (Gardner Pinnacles), lies roughly 1 100 km (684 miles) northwest of Honolulu. Subsequent studies of the Hawaiian Islands concluded that Mauna Loa was the largest volcano but they included the base of the volcano that is below sea level that was not considered in the 1974 study. The largest and hottest shield volcano on Earth was revealed by researchers from the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST).

New research reveals that Hawaii's Pūhāhonu volcano is the largest and hottest shield volcano on Earth, although it is barely visible as only a portion of its tip is exposed above the seafloor. “However, we have learned from this study that hotspots can undergo pulses of melt production. So much so that it is causing the Earth's crust to sink. "Volume and temperature go hand in hand.
This work also draws attention to an infrequently visited part of the state of Hawai‘i that has ecological, historical and cultural importance.“We are sharing with the science community and the public that we should be calling this volcano by the name the Hawaiians have given to it, rather than the western name for the two rocky small islands that are the only above sea level remnants of this once majestic volcano,” said Garcia.Reference: “Pūhāhonu: Earth’s biggest and hottest shield volcano” by Michael O. Garcia, Jonathan P. Tree, Paul Wessel and John R.Smith, 8 May 2020, This work was funded by the National Science Foundation, Schmidt Ocean Institute and the University of Hawai‘i.Email address is optional. There is still much to learn about planet Earth."

The only remnants of Pūhāhonu that are above sea level (Gardner Pinnacles).
A team of volcanologists and ocean explorers used several lines of evidence to determine Pūhāhonu, a volcano within the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, now holds this distinction.Geoscientists and the public have long thought Mauna Loa, a culturally-significant and active shield volcano on the Big Island of Hawai‘i, was the largest volcano in the world. Sci-News.com.

This will rewrite the textbooks on how mantle plumes work.”Shorelines of modern-day Hawai’i Island (5 volcanoes) compared to ancient P?hāhonu (1 volcano). Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds.Scientists at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa have proved that looks can be deceiving. "Rapid loading of the crust causes it to subside," Michael Garcia, lead author of the study, told CNN.

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