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Today’s post comes from Madie Ward in the National Archives History Office. COVID-19: Vaccine news and outbreak updates. In about 1774, the Potawatomi founded two villages in the area of what is now Ann Arbor. [79] Another Ann Arbor-based company is Zingerman's Delicatessen, which serves sandwiches and has developed businesses under a variety of brand names. In 2008, it was ranked by CNNMoney.com 27th out of 100 "America's best small cities". [61], The University of Michigan shapes Ann Arbor's economy significantly. The present-day train station neighbors the city's old Michigan Central Depot, which was renovated as a restaurant in 1970. A mural in downtown Ann Arbor's Kerrytown district on Feb. 16, 2021, featuring former Mayor Albert Wheeler and other historical Black community leaders.Ryan Stanton | The Ann Arbor News. [56], According to the 2012–2016 American Community Survey estimates, the median household income was $57,697, and the median family income was $95,528. ... Two crossed lines that form an 'X'. He issued vetoes over budget items, changes to a Summit Park plan, reconsideration of the city’s weapons policy, zoning for senior citizens apartments in the Briarwood area, city code changes for daycare centers, development of a sculpture park in Kerrytown, contract negotiations and more. The office vacancy rate decreased to 10.65% in 2012 from 12.08% in 2011, while the flex vacancy rate decreased slightly more, with a drop from 16.50% to 15.02%. On January 22, 2007, Pfizer announced it would close operations in Ann Arbor by the end of 2008. The city is also home to several charter schools such as Central Academy (PreK-12) of the Global Educational Excellence (GEE) charter school company,[130] and Honey Creek Community School. [85], Several performing arts groups and facilities are on the University of Michigan's campus, as are museums dedicated to art, archaeology, and natural history and sciences. At the same time, advances in video and audio recording enabled both easier… [62], High tech companies have located in the area since the 1930s, when International Radio Corporation introduced the first mass-produced AC/DC radio (the Kadette, in 1931) as well as the first pocket radio (the Kadette Jr., in 1933). [168], Amtrak, which provides service to the city at the Ann Arbor Train Station, operates the Wolverine train between Chicago and Pontiac, via Detroit. “His legacy to the university is that he almost single-handedly created an environment that made possible our gains in recent years.”, Ann Arbor civil rights activists Albert and Emma Wheeler in 1965.Ann Arbor News archives courtesy of OldNews.AADL.org. A lot of people have shared stories with Smith over the years about how his grandparents helped them, such as the young Black woman who was thinking about joining the military due to lack of options before Albert Wheeler personally took her over to Washtenaw Community College and paid for her first semester of college, transforming her life. In addition to helping change Ann Arbor’s racial climate, Wheeler has been credited with instilling the idea that city government should be involved in human services, helping disadvantaged citizens, and that’s something the city continues to do. High tech, health services and biotechnology are other major components of the city's economy; numerous medical offices, laboratories, and associated companies are located in the city. [164] Willow Run Airport east of the city near Ypsilanti serves freight, corporate, and general aviation clients. Albert Wheeler at his desk at the University of Michigan in November 1968, seven years before he would become Ann Arbor's first Black mayor.Ann Arbor News archives courtesy of OldNews.AADL.org. Ann Arbor is home to several private schools,[129] including the Father Gabriel Richard High School, Rudolf Steiner School of Ann Arbor, Clonlara School, Michigan Islamic Academy, and Greenhills School, a prep school. “He worked to avoid the large, isolated housing projects that other cities built with public funds.”. [147], The University of Michigan Medical Center, the only teaching hospital in the city, took the number 1 slot in U.S. News & World Report for best hospital in the state of Michigan, as of 2015. Another Ann Arbor-based publication that has ceased production was the Ann Arbor Paper, a free monthly. WPXD channel 31, the owned-and-operated Detroit outlet of the ION Television network, is licensed to the city. Ann Arbor is represented in the NPSL by semi-pro soccer team AFC Ann Arbor, a club founded in 2014 who call themselves The Mighty Oak. [30], According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.70 square miles (74.33 km2), of which, 27.83 square miles (72.08 km2) of it is land and 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2) is water,[31] much of which is part of the Huron River. [44] The monthly daily average temperature in July is 72.6 Â°F (22.6 Â°C), while the same figure for January is 24.5 Â°F (−4.2 Â°C). Measuring Academic Proficiency Under the No Child Left Behind Act: Implications for Educational Equity, Educational Researcher; 34 (8): 3-13. [151], The city provides sewage disposal and water supply services, with water coming from the Huron River and groundwater sources. [145], Four major AM radio stations based in or near Ann Arbor are WAAM 1600, a conservative news and talk station; WLBY 1290, a business news and talk station; WDEO 990, Catholic radio; and WTKA 1050, which is primarily a sports station. He later became an associate and then full professor, specializing in venereal disease and publishing dozens of scientific papers. Our model works by discovering associations between cars and people. [105] Day-to-day city operations are managed by a city administrator chosen by the city council. Wheeler Smith’s son, Conan Smith, represented Ann Arbor on the county board for nearly 14 years between 2005 and 2018 and is president of the Michigan Environmental Council, as well as a UM public policy lecturer. Unhappy with Mayor Robert Harris’ response, Wheeler’s group staged a walkout at a City Council meeting that August. The average household size was 2.17 people, and the average family size was 2.85 people. Veto.”. AAPS has one of the country's leading music programs. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, which moved from Detroit. Former Mayor Albert Wheeler, a pioneer for equal rights in Ann Arbor, featured in a January 1980 Ann Arbor News article about the decades-long fight for equality for Black residents.Ann Arbor News archives courtesy of OldNews.AADL.org. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world and the third-largest stadium of any kind in the world. Ann Arbor Charter Township adjoins the city's north and east sides. Belcher argued critical needs were being “ignored or debated to death.”. [37] Fuller Recreation Area, near the University Hospital complex, contains sports fields, pedestrian and bike paths, and swimming pools. On the state level, the city is part of the 18th district in the Michigan Senate, represented by Democrat Rebekah Warren. Wheeler met his wife Emma when they were public health graduate students at UM and they married in 1938. “Far away from the segregated lunch counters and water fountains of the Deep South, Ann Arbor was wrestling with its own brand of racism in the 1940s and 1950s,” The Ann Arbor News once reported. Albert Wheeler reviews election returns in April 1975.Cecil Lockard | Ann Arbor News archives courtesy of OldNews.AADL.org. [15] Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. [148] Detroit and Toledo-area radio and television stations also serve Ann Arbor, and stations from Lansing and Windsor, Ontario, can be seen in parts of the area. [149] The University of Michigan Health System (UMHS) includes University Hospital, C.S. The winner is the most-approved candidate. [91], Several annual events—many of them centered on performing and visual arts—draw visitors to Ann Arbor. [117] In 1974, Kathy Kozachenko's victory in an Ann Arbor city-council race made her the country's first openly homosexual candidate to win public office. Early voting opens Saturday and ends March 13 for the March 20 municipal primary and a pair of special elections for seats in the U.S. House. AT&T Inc. is the primary wired telephone service provider for the area. The city itself is often called "A²" ("A-squared") or "A2" ("A two") or "AA", "The Deuce" (mainly by Chicagoans), and "Tree Town". +3. The Ann Arbor Federal Building (attached to a post office) on Liberty Street serves as one of the courthouses for the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan and Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.[112][113][114][115]. Several days after the election, there remained uncertainty about who actually won and there were debates between city officials about certifying the results, but in the end Wheeler’s win was certified. Notable schools include Pioneer, Huron, Skyline, and Community high schools, and Ann Arbor Open School. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. [156] The Gelman plume is a potential threat to one of the City of Ann Arbor's drinking water sources, the Huron River, which flows through downtown Ann Arbor. [142] The Ann Arbor Business Review covers local business in the area. “Emma Wheeler’s confrontational style led to her once taking city leaders and journalists on a home tour,” The News reported. Zingerman's has grown into a family of companies which offers a variety of products (bake shop, mail order, creamery, coffee) and services (business education). He complained Wheeler voted against efforts to revitalize downtown, blocked funding for street repairs, vetoed zoning for a 180-unit senior housing complex, voted against more off-street parking downtown, supported salaries for the mayor and council members, and supported a new gun policy to prohibit police from shooting at fleeing felons. "The Building of a New Left Conglomerate in the City of Ann Arbor: VOICE, Action Movement and the Human Rights Party (1965–1975)", "Inside the Eastside: History of East Ann Arbor, Michigan (MI)", "Ann Arbor seeks grants for greenbelt land", "Best Places to Live—Money's List of America's Best Small Cities", "Nichols Arboretum—University of Michigan", "Historical Population and Employment by Minor Civil Division, Southeast Michigan", "QuickFacts: Ann Arbor city, Michigan; Kalamazoo city, Michigan; UNITED STATES", "Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)", "Michigan - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Large Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990", "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Ann Arbor city, Michigan", "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Troy city, Michigan; Livonia city, Michigan; Ferndale city, Michigan; Oak Park city, Michigan; Detroit city, Michigan; Ann Arbor city, Michigan", "American FactFinder. The area's other major medical centers include a large facility operated by the Department of Veterans Affairs in Ann Arbor,[150] and Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital in nearby Superior Township. This means that half of the members (one from each ward) are elected in presidential election years, while the other half are elected in mid-term election years. ANN ARBOR, MI — The elections that catapulted Albert Wheeler into the Ann Arbor mayor’s office in 1975 and led to his ouster three years later were nothing short of unusual. [53] The population density was 4,093.9 people per square mile (1,580.7/km2),[54] making it less densely populated than Detroit proper and its inner-ring suburbs like Oak Park and Ferndale, but more densely populated than outer-ring suburbs like Livonia and Troy. Mott Children's Hospital and Women's Hospital in its core complex. [83], Many cooperative enterprises were founded in the city; among those that remain are the People's Food Co-op and the Inter-Cooperative Council at the University of Michigan, a student housing cooperative founded in 1937. These two routes, 91 and 92 respectively, are known as the "ExpressRide".[161]. “The city of Ann Arbor is a better place to live because of the Wheelers,” reads a dedication plaque. In the end, Haft Sr. gave up his voting rights in Crown Books' parent company, the Dart Group, for $41 million. © 2021 Advance Local Media LLC. [23] These influences washed into municipal politics during the early and mid-1970s when three members of the Human Rights Party (HRP) won city council seats on the strength of the student vote. In the Michigan House of Representatives, representation is split between the 55th district (northern Ann Arbor, part of Ann Arbor Township, and other surrounding areas, represented by Democrat Adam Zemke), the 53rd district (most of downtown and the southern half of the city, represented by Democrat Yousef Rabhi) and the 52nd district (southwestern areas outside Ann Arbor proper and western Washtenaw County, represented by Democrat Donna Lasinski). Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. [96] The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. She worked to establish recognition of the needs of Black high school students, to redefine school discipline policies that tended to be racially discriminatory, and to design the first racial integration plan for Ann Arbor public schools.”. [73] The facility was previously operated by Warner-Lambert and, before that, Parke-Davis. Ann Arbor also has a local state district court (15th District Court), which serves only the City of Ann Arbor. [107], In 1960, Ann Arbor voters approved a $2.3 million bond issue to build the current city hall, which was designed by architect Alden B. Dow. [39] Downtown contains a mix of 19th- and early-20th-century structures and modern-style buildings, as well as a farmers' market in the Kerrytown district. ANN ARBOR, MI — The elections that catapulted Albert Wheeler into the Ann Arbor mayor’s office in 1975 and led to his ouster three years later were nothing short of unusual. [62] Other employers are drawn to the area by the university's research and development money, and by its graduates. “Instead of trickling out available funds, we have an opportunity today to dispense all of the funds that Michiganders deserve and without delay,” Rabhi said. It is the principal city of the Ann Arbor Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Washtenaw County. The results were challenged in court because 20 people who lived in township islands within the city voted. A 1999 feature about former Mayor Albert Wheeler in The Ann Arbor News.Ann Arbor News archives courtesy of OldNews.AADL.org. [138] Ann Arbor has been said to be the first significant city to lose its only daily paper. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism, such as opposition to the Vietnam War and support for the legalization of cannabis. [9] Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of bur oak in the 640 acres (260 ha) of land they purchased for $800 from the federal government at $1.25 per acre. (In Elberta connections to ferries across the Lake could be made. The city's water department also operates four dams along the Huron River—Argo, Barton, Geddes, and Superior—of which Barton and Superior provide hydroelectric power. Note to readers: if you purchase something through one of our affiliate links we may earn a commission. Albert Wheeler also co-founded the Washtenaw-Ann Arbor Conference on Religion and Race and the Ann Arbor Coordinating Council on Civil Rights, and served on the Citizens Committee on Racial Imbalance in the Public Schools and the city’s first Human Relations Commission. [82] Aastrom Biosciences, a publicly traded company that develops stem cell treatments for cardiovascular diseases, is also headquartered in Ann Arbor. After Stephenson won a three-way race with less than a majority in 1973, the left-wing Human Rights Party spearheaded a campaign to get city voters to OK ranked-choice voting. But, he added, “I do know that his election as an African American, in and of itself, was really important, and his advocacy using that bully pulpit also was very important.”, Ann Arbor officials want to increase diversity of city’s mostly white population, Researchers map Ann Arbor’s racist history of housing discrimination, History of racism discussed as Ann Arbor OKs single-family zoning for 26 properties, Ann Arbor’s new affordable housing goal and progress so far summed up in one chart, $5.1M from new Ann Arbor affordable housing tax could go toward downtown high-rise. Kozachenko lamented Wheeler’s veto of a community development funding plan she and the GOP approved. [78] Domino's Pizza's headquarters is near Ann Arbor on Domino's Farms, a 271-acre (110 ha) Frank Lloyd Wright-inspired complex just northeast of the city. The first major meetings of the national left-wing campus group Students for a Democratic Society took place in Ann Arbor in 1960; in 1965, the city was home to the first U.S. teach-in against the Vietnam War. In September 1965, a reception for the Wheelers was held in the Michigan Union Ballroom as a public recognition of their efforts to achieve equal rights for Blacks. )[166][167] The city was served by the Michigan Central Railroad starting in 1837. [5] The 2010 census recorded its population to be 113,934. Wheeler was elected in part because of his support for programs like job training, legal aid for the poor, anti-discrimination efforts and minority business loans, but he ended up mired in a protracted political feud with the council deadlocked on issues such as how to spend community development dollars, according to news reports. and min. The Nichols Arboretum, owned by the University of Michigan, is a 123-acre (50 ha) arboretum that contains hundreds of plant and tree species. [76] The city is also home to National Sanitation Foundation International (NSF International), the nonprofit non-governmental organization that develops generally accepted standards for a variety of public health related industries and subject areas. During their time on the council, HRP representatives fought for measures including pioneering antidiscrimination ordinances, measures decriminalizing marijuana possession, and a rent-control ordinance;[24] many of these progressive organizations remain in effect today in modified form. [64] Ann Arbor Terminals manufactured a video-display terminal called the Ann Arbor Ambassador during the 1980s. When the votes were tallied on election night in April 1977, results showed Wheeler with a one-vote victory over Belcher, 10,660 to 10,659. [57], In 2013, Ann Arbor had the second-largest community of Japanese citizens in the state of Michigan, at 1,541; this figure trailed only that of Novi, which had 2,666 Japanese nationals. It is on the city's east side, near the university's Central Campus. [12] The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside 40 acres (16 ha) of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capitol, but lost the bid to Lansing. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race made up 4.1% of the population. The mayor and council serve four-year terms. Car and Driver[143] magazine and Automobile Magazine[144] are also based in Ann Arbor. [35] In recent years, the emerald ash borer has destroyed many of the city's approximately 10,500 ash trees. One speaker said it was fitting he passed away on April 4, the same date Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in 1968. Albert Wheeler and supporters in April 1975 when he was first elected mayor.Ann Arbor News archives courtesy of OldNews.AADL.org, With feuds between different political parties on City Council, Wheeler’s time as mayor wasn’t without drama. [28] Ann Arbor consistently ranks in the "top places to live" lists published by various mainstream media outlets every year. “A pattern of scattered public housing on small sites throughout Ann Arbor is another Wheeler legacy,” The News reported. [120] Nationally, Ann Arbor is located in Michigan's 12th congressional district, represented by Democrat Debbie Dingell. [97] Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Ann Arbor City Council Minutes (November 6, 2003). Ann Arbor is the home to Internet2 and the Merit Network, a not-for-profit research and education computer network. The Kerrytown Shops, Main Street Business District, the State Street Business District, and the South University Business District are commercial areas in downtown Ann Arbor. [126] The district has a preschool center with both free and tuition-based programs for preschoolers in the district. [118] In 1975, Ann Arbor became the first U.S. city to use instant-runoff voting for a mayoral race. Other nearby highways include US 12 (Michigan Ave.), M-17 (Washtenaw Ave.), and M-153 (Ford Rd.). Community Television Network (CTN) is a city-provided cable television channel with production facilities open to city residents and nonprofit organizations. Contemporary-style houses are farther from the downtown district. [165], The city was a major rail hub, notably for freight traffic between Toledo and ports north of Chicago, Illinois, from 1878 to 1982; however, the Ann Arbor Railroad also provided passenger service from 1878 to 1950, going northwest to Frankfort and Elberta on Lake Michigan and southeast to Toledo. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders, both named Ann, and the stands of bur oak trees. UMHS also operates out-patient clinics and facilities throughout the city. [26], In the past several decades, Ann Arbor has grappled with the effects of sharply rising land values, gentrification, and urban sprawl stretching into outlying countryside. “My grandmother used to keep blankets and clothes and things like that for poor people who needed them in the garage,” he said. It marked the first time Ann Arbor used ranked-choice voting, also known as instant-runoff voting, a process of elimination to ensure a winner with a majority. Ann Arbor is also included in the larger Greater Detroit Combined Statistical Area. [119] As of May 2016, Democrats hold the mayorship and nine out of the ten council seats. Ann Arbor City Government. The mayor is the presiding officer of the City Council and has the power to appoint all Council committee members as well as board and commission members, with the approval of the City Council. It is related to score voting in which voters give each option a score on a scale, and the option with the highest total of scores is selected.

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